Native tree directory

Native trees of the United States.

A linkable GroundCrew directory of representative trees native somewhere within the United States — from eastern oaks and southern pines to a much broader collection of native firs, spruces, pines, cedars, junipers, hemlocks, Pacific conifers, Alaska's northern forests, and native Hawaiian trees.

78 trees
A–Z index

Jump directly to a tree.

Every species has a permanent page anchor, so links such as /trees#white-oak can point directly to an individual tree.

Alaska Yellow CedarCallitropsis nootkatensis American BasswoodTilia americana American BeechFagus grandifolia American ElmUlmus americana American HollyIlex opaca American HornbeamCarpinus caroliniana American SycamorePlatanus occidentalis Arizona CypressHesperocyparis arizonica Bald CypressTaxodium distichum Balsam FirAbies balsamea Black CherryPrunus serotina Black SprucePicea mariana Black WalnutJuglans nigra BlackgumNyssa sylvatica Blue SprucePicea pungens Bur OakQuercus macrocarpa Chinkapin OakQuercus muehlenbergii Coast RedwoodSequoia sempervirens Douglas-firPseudotsuga menziesii Eastern CottonwoodPopulus deltoides Eastern RedbudCercis canadensis Eastern RedcedarJuniperus virginiana Eastern White PinePinus strobus Engelmann SprucePicea engelmannii Flowering DogwoodCornus florida Fraser FirAbies fraseri Giant SequoiaSequoiadendron giganteum Grand FirAbies grandis HackberryCeltis occidentalis Jack PinePinus banksiana Jeffrey PinePinus jeffreyi Kentucky CoffeetreeGymnocladus dioicus KoaAcacia koa Limber PinePinus flexilis Live OakQuercus virginiana Loblolly PinePinus taeda Lodgepole PinePinus contorta Longleaf PinePinus palustris Monterey PinePinus radiata Mountain HemlockTsuga mertensiana Noble FirAbies procera Northern Red OakQuercus rubra Ohio BuckeyeAesculus glabra Oregon White OakQuercus garryana Pacific MadroneArbutus menziesii Pacific Silver FirAbies amabilis Paper BirchBetula papyrifera PecanCarya illinoinensis Pitch PinePinus rigida Ponderosa PinePinus ponderosa Quaking AspenPopulus tremuloides Red MapleAcer rubrum Red PinePinus resinosa Red SprucePicea rubens River BirchBetula nigra Rocky Mountain JuniperJuniperus scopulorum Sand PinePinus clausa SassafrasSassafras albidum ServiceberryAmelanchier arborea Shagbark HickoryCarya ovata Shortleaf PinePinus echinata Sitka SprucePicea sitchensis Slash PinePinus elliottii Southern MagnoliaMagnolia grandiflora Subalpine FirAbies lasiocarpa Sugar MapleAcer saccharum Sugar PinePinus lambertiana SweetgumLiquidambar styraciflua TamarackLarix laricina Tulip TreeLiriodendron tulipifera Virginia PinePinus virginiana Western HemlockTsuga heterophylla Western RedcedarThuja plicata White FirAbies concolor White OakQuercus alba White SprucePicea glauca Whitebark PinePinus albicaulis ʻŌhiʻa LehuaMetrosideros polymorpha
Evergreens / Conifers: use the dedicated filter above to isolate native U.S. pines, firs, spruces, cedars, junipers, hemlocks, cypress, redwoods, and sequoias. Tamarack remains listed as a conifer but is deciduous rather than evergreen.
Directory

Explore native U.S. trees.

This is a representative national directory, not an exhaustive flora. Regional labels are broad orientation only; local native range and site suitability still need to be confirmed before planting.

Pacific Northwest / Alaska

Alaska Yellow Cedar

Callitropsis nootkatensis

A long-lived native conifer of the Pacific Northwest and Alaska, especially associated with cool, moist mountain and coastal environments.

Size
Large
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Cool and moist
Good for
Cool coastal landscapes, habitat, evergreen structure
Eastern / Central

American Basswood

Tilia americana

A broad-canopied hardwood native across much of the eastern and central United States.

Size
Large
Light
Part shade to sun
Moisture
Average to moist
Good for
Shade, pollinators, large landscapes
Eastern

American Beech

Fagus grandifolia

A major eastern forest tree with smooth gray bark and strong wildlife value.

Size
Large
Light
Part shade to sun
Moisture
Average to moist
Good for
Woodland character, wildlife, long-lived canopy
Eastern / Central

American Elm

Ulmus americana

A classic native elm of floodplains, bottomlands, streetscapes, and open landscapes.

Size
Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Average to moist
Good for
Street-scale canopy, parks, large sites
Eastern / Southeast

American Holly

Ilex opaca

A broadleaf evergreen native to the eastern and southeastern United States.

Size
Medium
Light
Part shade to sun
Moisture
Average to moist
Good for
Evergreen screening, birds, winter interest
Eastern / Central

American Hornbeam

Carpinus caroliniana

A small native understory tree known for smooth, muscle-like gray bark.

Size
Small
Light
Shade to part sun
Moisture
Moist
Good for
Woodland edges, understory, small spaces
Eastern / Central

American Sycamore

Platanus occidentalis

A massive native tree strongly associated with rivers, bottomlands, and moist sites.

Size
Very Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Moist to wet
Good for
Streams, floodplains, very large landscapes
Southwest

Arizona Cypress

Hesperocyparis arizonica

A drought-tolerant native cypress of the southwestern United States with blue-green to gray-green evergreen foliage.

Size
Medium
Light
Sun
Moisture
Dry to average
Good for
Dry western landscapes, screening, wildlife
Southeast / South Central

Bald Cypress

Taxodium distichum

A deciduous conifer native to southern swamps and floodplains that also adapts to many upland sites.

Size
Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Moist to wet
Good for
Wet sites, rain gardens, large landscapes
North / Northeast

Balsam Fir

Abies balsamea

A cold-climate fir native to the northern United States and boreal forests.

Size
Medium
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Cool and moist
Good for
Northern landscapes, evergreen structure
Eastern / Central

Black Cherry

Prunus serotina

A widespread native cherry valued by wildlife and common in eastern forests.

Size
Large
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Average
Good for
Wildlife, woodland restoration, flowers and fruit
North / Alaska

Black Spruce

Picea mariana

A cold-hardy native spruce of boreal forests, peatlands, and northern wetlands.

Size
Medium
Light
Sun
Moisture
Moist to wet
Good for
Boreal restoration, wetlands, cold climates
Eastern / Central

Black Walnut

Juglans nigra

A large native hardwood of rich soils in the eastern and central United States.

Size
Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Deep, average to moist
Good for
Large properties, wildlife, nut production
Eastern / Southeast

Blackgum

Nyssa sylvatica

A native eastern tree known for excellent fall color and fruit used by wildlife.

Size
Medium
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Average to moist
Good for
Fall color, wildlife, adaptable landscapes
Rocky Mountains

Blue Spruce

Picea pungens

A native Rocky Mountain spruce, often called Colorado blue spruce, with naturally blue-green to silvery needles.

Size
Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Average
Good for
Rocky Mountain landscapes, evergreen structure
Central / Great Plains

Bur Oak

Quercus macrocarpa

A rugged native oak of the Midwest and Great Plains with a broad crown and strong drought tolerance once established.

Size
Very Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Dry to average
Good for
Prairies, large properties, drought tolerance
Eastern / Central

Chinkapin Oak

Quercus muehlenbergii

A native oak often associated with limestone and well-drained upland soils.

Size
Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Average
Good for
Calcareous soils, shade, wildlife
Pacific Coast

Coast Redwood

Sequoia sempervirens

A towering native conifer of the fog-influenced coastal belt of northern California and southwestern Oregon.

Size
Very Large
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Cool and moist
Good for
Coastal forests, very large sites
West / Rockies

Douglas-fir

Pseudotsuga menziesii

One of the major native conifers of western North America, occurring from the Pacific states into the Rockies.

Size
Very Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Average
Good for
Large western landscapes, habitat, evergreen structure
Central / Eastern

Eastern Cottonwood

Populus deltoides

A fast-growing native poplar of rivers, floodplains, and open moist ground.

Size
Very Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Moist
Good for
Floodplains, restoration, very large sites
Eastern / Central

Eastern Redbud

Cercis canadensis

A small native tree known for pink spring flowers that appear before the leaves.

Size
Small
Light
Part shade to sun
Moisture
Average
Good for
Spring flowers, small landscapes, woodland edges
Eastern / Central

Eastern Redcedar

Juniperus virginiana

A tough native juniper that handles dry sites and provides dense evergreen cover.

Size
Medium
Light
Sun
Moisture
Dry to average
Good for
Evergreen cover, wildlife, tough sites
Northeast / Great Lakes

Eastern White Pine

Pinus strobus

A major native pine of northeastern and Great Lakes forests.

Size
Very Large
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Average to moist
Good for
Large landscapes, evergreen canopy, habitat
Rockies / Interior West

Engelmann Spruce

Picea engelmannii

A major high-elevation native spruce of the Rocky Mountains and interior West.

Size
Large
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Cool and moist
Good for
High-elevation landscapes, habitat, evergreen canopy
Eastern / Southeast

Flowering Dogwood

Cornus florida

A native understory tree with showy spring bracts and strong seasonal interest.

Size
Small
Light
Part shade
Moisture
Average to moist
Good for
Spring bloom, woodland gardens, wildlife
Southern Appalachians

Fraser Fir

Abies fraseri

A high-elevation fir native to a limited range in the southern Appalachian Mountains.

Size
Medium
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Cool and moist
Good for
Mountain climates, evergreen structure
California Sierra Nevada

Giant Sequoia

Sequoiadendron giganteum

A massive native conifer with a naturally restricted range in California's Sierra Nevada.

Size
Very Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Average to moist
Good for
Very large sites, specimen tree
Pacific Northwest / Northern Rockies

Grand Fir

Abies grandis

A tall native fir of the Pacific Northwest and northern interior West, favoring relatively moist forest sites.

Size
Very Large
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Moist
Good for
Large western landscapes, evergreen canopy
Central / Eastern

Hackberry

Celtis occidentalis

A durable native shade tree that tolerates a wide range of soils and supports wildlife.

Size
Large
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Dry to moist
Good for
Urban tolerance, wildlife, shade
Great Lakes / North

Jack Pine

Pinus banksiana

A fire-adapted native pine of the Great Lakes and northern United States, often found on sandy or nutrient-poor soils.

Size
Medium
Light
Sun
Moisture
Dry to average
Good for
Sandy sites, northern restoration, wildlife
California / Great Basin

Jeffrey Pine

Pinus jeffreyi

A native western pine of California, Nevada, and nearby mountain regions, adapted to sunny and often dry sites.

Size
Very Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Dry to average
Good for
Dry mountain landscapes, large sites, habitat
Central / Midwest

Kentucky Coffeetree

Gymnocladus dioicus

A distinctive native central-U.S. tree with coarse branching and large compound leaves.

Size
Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Average
Good for
Urban sites, shade, distinctive branching
Hawaii

Koa

Acacia koa

A signature native Hawaiian tree found naturally only in the Hawaiian Islands.

Size
Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Variable by elevation
Good for
Hawaiian restoration, habitat, cultural landscapes
Rockies / Interior West

Limber Pine

Pinus flexilis

A flexible-branched native five-needle pine of mountains and exposed sites across the interior West.

Size
Medium
Light
Sun
Moisture
Dry to average
Good for
Windy high-elevation sites, rocky slopes, habitat
Southeast / Gulf Coast

Live Oak

Quercus virginiana

An iconic evergreen to semi-evergreen native oak of the southeastern coastal plain.

Size
Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Average
Good for
Southern shade, coastal landscapes, wildlife
Southeast

Loblolly Pine

Pinus taeda

A dominant native pine across much of the southeastern United States.

Size
Very Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Average to moist
Good for
Southern restoration, large landscapes, habitat
West / Rockies

Lodgepole Pine

Pinus contorta

A widespread western native pine occurring from coastal environments to interior mountain forests.

Size
Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Dry to moist
Good for
Western restoration, mountain landscapes, habitat
Southeast

Longleaf Pine

Pinus palustris

A native southeastern pine central to one of North America's most diverse fire-adapted ecosystems.

Size
Very Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Dry to average
Good for
Longleaf ecosystem restoration, wildlife, large sites
California Coast

Monterey Pine

Pinus radiata

A native pine with a very limited natural range along the central California coast, despite being widely planted elsewhere.

Size
Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Average
Good for
Coastal California, wind-tolerant landscapes
Pacific Northwest / Alaska

Mountain Hemlock

Tsuga mertensiana

A native high-elevation hemlock of the Pacific Northwest and Alaska, adapted to snowy mountain environments.

Size
Large
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Cool and moist
Good for
Mountain climates, snow-country landscapes
Pacific Northwest

Noble Fir

Abies procera

A tall native fir of the Cascade Range and nearby Pacific Northwest mountains.

Size
Very Large
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Cool and moist
Good for
Large mountain landscapes, evergreen structure
Eastern / Central

Northern Red Oak

Quercus rubra

A widespread native oak valued for canopy, acorns, and strong fall color.

Size
Large
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Average
Good for
Shade, wildlife, large landscapes
Central / Midwest

Ohio Buckeye

Aesculus glabra

A central-U.S. native with distinctive palmately compound leaves and buckeye fruits.

Size
Medium
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Average to moist
Good for
Native character, woodland edges, wildlife
Pacific Northwest

Oregon White Oak

Quercus garryana

A major native oak of the Pacific Northwest, especially important in oak woodland and savanna habitats.

Size
Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Dry to average
Good for
Pacific Northwest habitat, oak savanna restoration
Pacific Coast

Pacific Madrone

Arbutus menziesii

An evergreen broadleaf native to the Pacific Coast with peeling reddish bark and clusters of red fruit.

Size
Medium
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Dry to average
Good for
Dry western slopes, wildlife, distinctive bark
Pacific Northwest / Alaska

Pacific Silver Fir

Abies amabilis

A shade-tolerant native fir of cool, wet forests from the Pacific Northwest into southeastern Alaska.

Size
Very Large
Light
Shade to part sun
Moisture
Cool and moist
Good for
Moist forests, mountain landscapes, evergreen canopy
North / Alaska

Paper Birch

Betula papyrifera

A widespread northern native known for white peeling bark and strong cold tolerance.

Size
Medium
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Cool and moist
Good for
Northern landscapes, white bark, wildlife
South Central / Lower Midwest

Pecan

Carya illinoinensis

A native hickory of river valleys and bottomlands in the south-central United States.

Size
Very Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Deep, moist
Good for
Large sites, edible nuts, wildlife
Northeast / Mid-Atlantic

Pitch Pine

Pinus rigida

A rugged native eastern pine adapted to acidic, sandy, and fire-influenced landscapes.

Size
Medium
Light
Sun
Moisture
Dry to average
Good for
Sandy soils, barrens, fire-adapted restoration
West / Rockies

Ponderosa Pine

Pinus ponderosa

A widespread native western pine adapted to sunny sites and many relatively dry forest environments.

Size
Very Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Dry to average
Good for
Dry western landscapes, large sites, habitat
North / West / Alaska

Quaking Aspen

Populus tremuloides

One of North America's most widespread native trees, famous for leaves that tremble in the wind and for clonal groves.

Size
Medium
Light
Sun
Moisture
Average to moist
Good for
Cool climates, restoration, wildlife
Eastern / Central

Red Maple

Acer rubrum

A widespread eastern native maple that occurs across a remarkable range of site conditions.

Size
Large
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Average to wet
Good for
Fall color, shade, adaptable sites
Northeast / Great Lakes

Red Pine

Pinus resinosa

A native northern pine of the Great Lakes and northeastern United States, often associated with well-drained sandy soils.

Size
Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Dry to average
Good for
Northern landscapes, sandy soils, evergreen structure
Northeast / Appalachians

Red Spruce

Picea rubens

A native spruce of the northeastern United States and Appalachian highlands, favoring cool, moist conditions.

Size
Large
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Cool and moist
Good for
Northeastern forests, mountain landscapes
Eastern / Central

River Birch

Betula nigra

A native birch of riverbanks and bottomlands that performs well in many moist landscape sites.

Size
Medium
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Moist to wet
Good for
Streambanks, rain gardens, peeling bark
Rockies / Great Plains

Rocky Mountain Juniper

Juniperus scopulorum

A native evergreen of the Rockies, interior West, and parts of the Great Plains.

Size
Medium
Light
Sun
Moisture
Dry
Good for
Dry western sites, evergreen cover, wildlife
Florida / Southeast Coast

Sand Pine

Pinus clausa

A native southeastern pine adapted to extremely sandy soils, especially in Florida scrub and coastal environments.

Size
Medium
Light
Sun
Moisture
Dry
Good for
Sandy coastal sites, scrub habitat, restoration
Eastern

Sassafras

Sassafras albidum

An aromatic eastern native with distinctive leaf shapes and strong fall color.

Size
Medium
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Dry to average
Good for
Naturalized edges, fall color, wildlife
Eastern / Central

Serviceberry

Amelanchier arborea

A small native tree with early white flowers and berry-like fruits valued by birds and people.

Size
Small
Light
Part shade to sun
Moisture
Average
Good for
Early bloom, edible fruit, birds, small spaces
Eastern / Central

Shagbark Hickory

Carya ovata

A native hickory recognized by shaggy mature bark and valuable nuts for wildlife.

Size
Large
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Average
Good for
Wildlife, large properties, distinctive bark
Southeast / South Central

Shortleaf Pine

Pinus echinata

A widespread native southern pine adapted to a broad range of upland sites.

Size
Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Dry to average
Good for
Southern restoration, large landscapes, wildlife
Pacific Northwest / Alaska

Sitka Spruce

Picea sitchensis

A huge native spruce of the cool, wet Pacific coast from northern California through Alaska.

Size
Very Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Cool and moist
Good for
Coastal forests, large landscapes
Southeast / Gulf Coast

Slash Pine

Pinus elliottii

A native pine of the southeastern coastal plain, especially common in Florida and the Gulf Coast region.

Size
Very Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Average to moist
Good for
Southern coastal landscapes, habitat, large sites
Southeast

Southern Magnolia

Magnolia grandiflora

A broadleaf evergreen native to the southeastern United States with large fragrant flowers.

Size
Large
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Average to moist
Good for
Evergreen canopy, flowers, southern landscapes
Rockies / West / Alaska

Subalpine Fir

Abies lasiocarpa

A cold-adapted native fir of high mountain forests across the West and Alaska.

Size
Medium
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Cool and moist
Good for
High elevations, cold climates, mountain habitat
Northeast / Midwest

Sugar Maple

Acer saccharum

A major native hardwood of northeastern and upper Midwestern forests, famous for fall color and maple sugar.

Size
Large
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Average to moist
Good for
Fall color, shade, northern landscapes
California / Oregon

Sugar Pine

Pinus lambertiana

A towering native five-needle pine of California and Oregon known for exceptionally long cones.

Size
Very Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Average
Good for
Large western sites, mixed-conifer forests
Southeast / Eastern

Sweetgum

Liquidambar styraciflua

A native southeastern and eastern tree with star-shaped leaves and strong fall color.

Size
Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Average to moist
Good for
Fall color, restoration, large landscapes
North / Alaska

Tamarack

Larix laricina

A deciduous native conifer of northern wetlands that turns gold before dropping its needles.

Size
Medium
Light
Sun
Moisture
Moist to wet
Good for
Bogs, cold climates, wet northern sites
Eastern

Tulip Tree

Liriodendron tulipifera

Also called yellow-poplar, this tall eastern native has tulip-like flowers and leaves.

Size
Very Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Deep, average to moist
Good for
Fast canopy, pollinators, large landscapes
Eastern / Southeast

Virginia Pine

Pinus virginiana

A native pine of the eastern and southeastern United States that tolerates dry, rocky, and relatively poor soils.

Size
Medium
Light
Sun
Moisture
Dry to average
Good for
Poor soils, restoration, wildlife cover
Pacific Northwest / Alaska

Western Hemlock

Tsuga heterophylla

A dominant native conifer of cool, moist Pacific Northwest forests and southeastern Alaska.

Size
Very Large
Light
Shade to part sun
Moisture
Cool and moist
Good for
Moist western forests, evergreen canopy
Pacific Northwest / Northern Rockies

Western Redcedar

Thuja plicata

A major native conifer of the Pacific Northwest and portions of the northern interior West.

Size
Very Large
Light
Part shade to sun
Moisture
Moist
Good for
Evergreen canopy, moist western sites, habitat
West / Southwest

White Fir

Abies concolor

A native western fir found from the Rockies and Southwest into California mountain ranges.

Size
Very Large
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Average
Good for
Mountain landscapes, evergreen canopy, dry western forests
Eastern / Central

White Oak

Quercus alba

A foundational native oak across much of the eastern and central United States.

Size
Very Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Average
Good for
Long-lived canopy, wildlife, large landscapes
North / Alaska

White Spruce

Picea glauca

A widespread northern native spruce occurring across Alaska and the northern tier of the United States.

Size
Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Cool, average to moist
Good for
Cold climates, evergreen structure, habitat
West / Rockies

Whitebark Pine

Pinus albicaulis

A high-elevation native five-needle pine that plays an important ecological role near treeline in the western United States.

Size
Medium
Light
Sun
Moisture
Dry to average
Good for
High-elevation restoration, wildlife, harsh sites
Hawaii

ʻŌhiʻa Lehua

Metrosideros polymorpha

A highly variable native Hawaiian tree and a foundational species in many native Hawaiian ecosystems.

Size
Medium
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Highly variable
Good for
Hawaiian restoration, native habitat, cultural landscapes
Before you plant

Native is the starting point. Site fit decides the tree.

The U.S. Forest Service's Silvics of North America is a useful authoritative reference for tree species and ecology.

GroundCrew should still verify the actual planting site before making a recommendation.

01

Confirm local range. Native somewhere in the U.S. does not establish that a species is native to your state, county, or ecoregion.

02

Plan for mature size. Check overhead wires, buildings, sidewalks, roads, utilities, visibility, and future root space.

03

Match the site. Sun, drainage, soil, moisture, heat, winter cold, salt, wind, and local pests all matter.

04

Use appropriate stock. When possible, choose nursery material with suitable local or regional provenance and healthy root structure.

Right tree. Right place.

Find the tree that belongs where you are.

Start with native range, then narrow by space, light, water, soil, mature size, purpose, and who will care for the tree after planting.