Pacific Northwest / Alaska
Alaska Yellow Cedar
Callitropsis nootkatensis
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A long-lived native conifer of the Pacific Northwest and Alaska, especially associated with cool, moist mountain and coastal environments.
Size
Large
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Cool and moist
Good for
Cool coastal landscapes, habitat, evergreen structure
Eastern / Central
American Basswood
Tilia americana
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A broad-canopied hardwood native across much of the eastern and central United States.
Size
Large
Light
Part shade to sun
Moisture
Average to moist
Good for
Shade, pollinators, large landscapes
Eastern
American Beech
Fagus grandifolia
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A major eastern forest tree with smooth gray bark and strong wildlife value.
Size
Large
Light
Part shade to sun
Moisture
Average to moist
Good for
Woodland character, wildlife, long-lived canopy
Eastern / Central
American Elm
Ulmus americana
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A classic native elm of floodplains, bottomlands, streetscapes, and open landscapes.
Size
Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Average to moist
Good for
Street-scale canopy, parks, large sites
Eastern / Southeast
American Holly
Ilex opaca
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A broadleaf evergreen native to the eastern and southeastern United States.
Size
Medium
Light
Part shade to sun
Moisture
Average to moist
Good for
Evergreen screening, birds, winter interest
Eastern / Central
American Hornbeam
Carpinus caroliniana
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A small native understory tree known for smooth, muscle-like gray bark.
Size
Small
Light
Shade to part sun
Moisture
Moist
Good for
Woodland edges, understory, small spaces
Eastern / Central
American Sycamore
Platanus occidentalis
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A massive native tree strongly associated with rivers, bottomlands, and moist sites.
Size
Very Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Moist to wet
Good for
Streams, floodplains, very large landscapes
Southwest
Arizona Cypress
Hesperocyparis arizonica
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A drought-tolerant native cypress of the southwestern United States with blue-green to gray-green evergreen foliage.
Size
Medium
Light
Sun
Moisture
Dry to average
Good for
Dry western landscapes, screening, wildlife
Southeast / South Central
Bald Cypress
Taxodium distichum
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A deciduous conifer native to southern swamps and floodplains that also adapts to many upland sites.
Size
Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Moist to wet
Good for
Wet sites, rain gardens, large landscapes
North / Northeast
Balsam Fir
Abies balsamea
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A cold-climate fir native to the northern United States and boreal forests.
Size
Medium
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Cool and moist
Good for
Northern landscapes, evergreen structure
Eastern / Central
Black Cherry
Prunus serotina
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A widespread native cherry valued by wildlife and common in eastern forests.
Size
Large
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Average
Good for
Wildlife, woodland restoration, flowers and fruit
North / Alaska
Black Spruce
Picea mariana
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A cold-hardy native spruce of boreal forests, peatlands, and northern wetlands.
Size
Medium
Light
Sun
Moisture
Moist to wet
Good for
Boreal restoration, wetlands, cold climates
Eastern / Central
Black Walnut
Juglans nigra
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A large native hardwood of rich soils in the eastern and central United States.
Size
Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Deep, average to moist
Good for
Large properties, wildlife, nut production
Eastern / Southeast
Blackgum
Nyssa sylvatica
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A native eastern tree known for excellent fall color and fruit used by wildlife.
Size
Medium
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Average to moist
Good for
Fall color, wildlife, adaptable landscapes
Rocky Mountains
Blue Spruce
Picea pungens
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A native Rocky Mountain spruce, often called Colorado blue spruce, with naturally blue-green to silvery needles.
Size
Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Average
Good for
Rocky Mountain landscapes, evergreen structure
Central / Great Plains
Bur Oak
Quercus macrocarpa
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A rugged native oak of the Midwest and Great Plains with a broad crown and strong drought tolerance once established.
Size
Very Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Dry to average
Good for
Prairies, large properties, drought tolerance
Eastern / Central
Chinkapin Oak
Quercus muehlenbergii
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A native oak often associated with limestone and well-drained upland soils.
Size
Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Average
Good for
Calcareous soils, shade, wildlife
Pacific Coast
Coast Redwood
Sequoia sempervirens
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A towering native conifer of the fog-influenced coastal belt of northern California and southwestern Oregon.
Size
Very Large
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Cool and moist
Good for
Coastal forests, very large sites
West / Rockies
Douglas-fir
Pseudotsuga menziesii
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One of the major native conifers of western North America, occurring from the Pacific states into the Rockies.
Size
Very Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Average
Good for
Large western landscapes, habitat, evergreen structure
Central / Eastern
Eastern Cottonwood
Populus deltoides
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A fast-growing native poplar of rivers, floodplains, and open moist ground.
Size
Very Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Moist
Good for
Floodplains, restoration, very large sites
Eastern / Central
Eastern Redbud
Cercis canadensis
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A small native tree known for pink spring flowers that appear before the leaves.
Size
Small
Light
Part shade to sun
Moisture
Average
Good for
Spring flowers, small landscapes, woodland edges
Eastern / Central
Eastern Redcedar
Juniperus virginiana
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A tough native juniper that handles dry sites and provides dense evergreen cover.
Size
Medium
Light
Sun
Moisture
Dry to average
Good for
Evergreen cover, wildlife, tough sites
Northeast / Great Lakes
Eastern White Pine
Pinus strobus
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A major native pine of northeastern and Great Lakes forests.
Size
Very Large
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Average to moist
Good for
Large landscapes, evergreen canopy, habitat
Rockies / Interior West
Engelmann Spruce
Picea engelmannii
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A major high-elevation native spruce of the Rocky Mountains and interior West.
Size
Large
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Cool and moist
Good for
High-elevation landscapes, habitat, evergreen canopy
Eastern / Southeast
Flowering Dogwood
Cornus florida
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A native understory tree with showy spring bracts and strong seasonal interest.
Size
Small
Light
Part shade
Moisture
Average to moist
Good for
Spring bloom, woodland gardens, wildlife
Southern Appalachians
Fraser Fir
Abies fraseri
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A high-elevation fir native to a limited range in the southern Appalachian Mountains.
Size
Medium
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Cool and moist
Good for
Mountain climates, evergreen structure
California Sierra Nevada
Giant Sequoia
Sequoiadendron giganteum
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A massive native conifer with a naturally restricted range in California's Sierra Nevada.
Size
Very Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Average to moist
Good for
Very large sites, specimen tree
Pacific Northwest / Northern Rockies
Grand Fir
Abies grandis
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A tall native fir of the Pacific Northwest and northern interior West, favoring relatively moist forest sites.
Size
Very Large
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Moist
Good for
Large western landscapes, evergreen canopy
Central / Eastern
Hackberry
Celtis occidentalis
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A durable native shade tree that tolerates a wide range of soils and supports wildlife.
Size
Large
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Dry to moist
Good for
Urban tolerance, wildlife, shade
Great Lakes / North
Jack Pine
Pinus banksiana
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A fire-adapted native pine of the Great Lakes and northern United States, often found on sandy or nutrient-poor soils.
Size
Medium
Light
Sun
Moisture
Dry to average
Good for
Sandy sites, northern restoration, wildlife
California / Great Basin
Jeffrey Pine
Pinus jeffreyi
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A native western pine of California, Nevada, and nearby mountain regions, adapted to sunny and often dry sites.
Size
Very Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Dry to average
Good for
Dry mountain landscapes, large sites, habitat
Central / Midwest
Kentucky Coffeetree
Gymnocladus dioicus
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A distinctive native central-U.S. tree with coarse branching and large compound leaves.
Size
Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Average
Good for
Urban sites, shade, distinctive branching
A signature native Hawaiian tree found naturally only in the Hawaiian Islands.
Size
Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Variable by elevation
Good for
Hawaiian restoration, habitat, cultural landscapes
Rockies / Interior West
Limber Pine
Pinus flexilis
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A flexible-branched native five-needle pine of mountains and exposed sites across the interior West.
Size
Medium
Light
Sun
Moisture
Dry to average
Good for
Windy high-elevation sites, rocky slopes, habitat
Southeast / Gulf Coast
Live Oak
Quercus virginiana
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An iconic evergreen to semi-evergreen native oak of the southeastern coastal plain.
Size
Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Average
Good for
Southern shade, coastal landscapes, wildlife
Southeast
Loblolly Pine
Pinus taeda
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A dominant native pine across much of the southeastern United States.
Size
Very Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Average to moist
Good for
Southern restoration, large landscapes, habitat
West / Rockies
Lodgepole Pine
Pinus contorta
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A widespread western native pine occurring from coastal environments to interior mountain forests.
Size
Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Dry to moist
Good for
Western restoration, mountain landscapes, habitat
Southeast
Longleaf Pine
Pinus palustris
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A native southeastern pine central to one of North America's most diverse fire-adapted ecosystems.
Size
Very Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Dry to average
Good for
Longleaf ecosystem restoration, wildlife, large sites
California Coast
Monterey Pine
Pinus radiata
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A native pine with a very limited natural range along the central California coast, despite being widely planted elsewhere.
Size
Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Average
Good for
Coastal California, wind-tolerant landscapes
Pacific Northwest / Alaska
Mountain Hemlock
Tsuga mertensiana
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A native high-elevation hemlock of the Pacific Northwest and Alaska, adapted to snowy mountain environments.
Size
Large
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Cool and moist
Good for
Mountain climates, snow-country landscapes
Pacific Northwest
Noble Fir
Abies procera
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A tall native fir of the Cascade Range and nearby Pacific Northwest mountains.
Size
Very Large
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Cool and moist
Good for
Large mountain landscapes, evergreen structure
Eastern / Central
Northern Red Oak
Quercus rubra
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A widespread native oak valued for canopy, acorns, and strong fall color.
Size
Large
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Average
Good for
Shade, wildlife, large landscapes
Central / Midwest
Ohio Buckeye
Aesculus glabra
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A central-U.S. native with distinctive palmately compound leaves and buckeye fruits.
Size
Medium
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Average to moist
Good for
Native character, woodland edges, wildlife
Pacific Northwest
Oregon White Oak
Quercus garryana
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A major native oak of the Pacific Northwest, especially important in oak woodland and savanna habitats.
Size
Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Dry to average
Good for
Pacific Northwest habitat, oak savanna restoration
Pacific Coast
Pacific Madrone
Arbutus menziesii
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An evergreen broadleaf native to the Pacific Coast with peeling reddish bark and clusters of red fruit.
Size
Medium
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Dry to average
Good for
Dry western slopes, wildlife, distinctive bark
Pacific Northwest / Alaska
Pacific Silver Fir
Abies amabilis
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A shade-tolerant native fir of cool, wet forests from the Pacific Northwest into southeastern Alaska.
Size
Very Large
Light
Shade to part sun
Moisture
Cool and moist
Good for
Moist forests, mountain landscapes, evergreen canopy
North / Alaska
Paper Birch
Betula papyrifera
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A widespread northern native known for white peeling bark and strong cold tolerance.
Size
Medium
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Cool and moist
Good for
Northern landscapes, white bark, wildlife
South Central / Lower Midwest
Pecan
Carya illinoinensis
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A native hickory of river valleys and bottomlands in the south-central United States.
Size
Very Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Deep, moist
Good for
Large sites, edible nuts, wildlife
Northeast / Mid-Atlantic
Pitch Pine
Pinus rigida
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A rugged native eastern pine adapted to acidic, sandy, and fire-influenced landscapes.
Size
Medium
Light
Sun
Moisture
Dry to average
Good for
Sandy soils, barrens, fire-adapted restoration
West / Rockies
Ponderosa Pine
Pinus ponderosa
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A widespread native western pine adapted to sunny sites and many relatively dry forest environments.
Size
Very Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Dry to average
Good for
Dry western landscapes, large sites, habitat
North / West / Alaska
Quaking Aspen
Populus tremuloides
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One of North America's most widespread native trees, famous for leaves that tremble in the wind and for clonal groves.
Size
Medium
Light
Sun
Moisture
Average to moist
Good for
Cool climates, restoration, wildlife
Eastern / Central
Red Maple
Acer rubrum
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A widespread eastern native maple that occurs across a remarkable range of site conditions.
Size
Large
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Average to wet
Good for
Fall color, shade, adaptable sites
Northeast / Great Lakes
Red Pine
Pinus resinosa
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A native northern pine of the Great Lakes and northeastern United States, often associated with well-drained sandy soils.
Size
Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Dry to average
Good for
Northern landscapes, sandy soils, evergreen structure
Northeast / Appalachians
Red Spruce
Picea rubens
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A native spruce of the northeastern United States and Appalachian highlands, favoring cool, moist conditions.
Size
Large
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Cool and moist
Good for
Northeastern forests, mountain landscapes
Eastern / Central
River Birch
Betula nigra
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A native birch of riverbanks and bottomlands that performs well in many moist landscape sites.
Size
Medium
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Moist to wet
Good for
Streambanks, rain gardens, peeling bark
Rockies / Great Plains
Rocky Mountain Juniper
Juniperus scopulorum
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A native evergreen of the Rockies, interior West, and parts of the Great Plains.
Size
Medium
Light
Sun
Moisture
Dry
Good for
Dry western sites, evergreen cover, wildlife
Florida / Southeast Coast
Sand Pine
Pinus clausa
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A native southeastern pine adapted to extremely sandy soils, especially in Florida scrub and coastal environments.
Size
Medium
Light
Sun
Moisture
Dry
Good for
Sandy coastal sites, scrub habitat, restoration
Eastern
Sassafras
Sassafras albidum
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An aromatic eastern native with distinctive leaf shapes and strong fall color.
Size
Medium
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Dry to average
Good for
Naturalized edges, fall color, wildlife
Eastern / Central
Serviceberry
Amelanchier arborea
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A small native tree with early white flowers and berry-like fruits valued by birds and people.
Size
Small
Light
Part shade to sun
Moisture
Average
Good for
Early bloom, edible fruit, birds, small spaces
Eastern / Central
Shagbark Hickory
Carya ovata
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A native hickory recognized by shaggy mature bark and valuable nuts for wildlife.
Size
Large
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Average
Good for
Wildlife, large properties, distinctive bark
Southeast / South Central
Shortleaf Pine
Pinus echinata
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A widespread native southern pine adapted to a broad range of upland sites.
Size
Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Dry to average
Good for
Southern restoration, large landscapes, wildlife
Pacific Northwest / Alaska
Sitka Spruce
Picea sitchensis
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A huge native spruce of the cool, wet Pacific coast from northern California through Alaska.
Size
Very Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Cool and moist
Good for
Coastal forests, large landscapes
Southeast / Gulf Coast
Slash Pine
Pinus elliottii
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A native pine of the southeastern coastal plain, especially common in Florida and the Gulf Coast region.
Size
Very Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Average to moist
Good for
Southern coastal landscapes, habitat, large sites
Southeast
Southern Magnolia
Magnolia grandiflora
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A broadleaf evergreen native to the southeastern United States with large fragrant flowers.
Size
Large
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Average to moist
Good for
Evergreen canopy, flowers, southern landscapes
Rockies / West / Alaska
Subalpine Fir
Abies lasiocarpa
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A cold-adapted native fir of high mountain forests across the West and Alaska.
Size
Medium
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Cool and moist
Good for
High elevations, cold climates, mountain habitat
Northeast / Midwest
Sugar Maple
Acer saccharum
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A major native hardwood of northeastern and upper Midwestern forests, famous for fall color and maple sugar.
Size
Large
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Average to moist
Good for
Fall color, shade, northern landscapes
California / Oregon
Sugar Pine
Pinus lambertiana
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A towering native five-needle pine of California and Oregon known for exceptionally long cones.
Size
Very Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Average
Good for
Large western sites, mixed-conifer forests
Southeast / Eastern
Sweetgum
Liquidambar styraciflua
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A native southeastern and eastern tree with star-shaped leaves and strong fall color.
Size
Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Average to moist
Good for
Fall color, restoration, large landscapes
North / Alaska
Tamarack
Larix laricina
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A deciduous native conifer of northern wetlands that turns gold before dropping its needles.
Size
Medium
Light
Sun
Moisture
Moist to wet
Good for
Bogs, cold climates, wet northern sites
Eastern
Tulip Tree
Liriodendron tulipifera
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Also called yellow-poplar, this tall eastern native has tulip-like flowers and leaves.
Size
Very Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Deep, average to moist
Good for
Fast canopy, pollinators, large landscapes
Eastern / Southeast
Virginia Pine
Pinus virginiana
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A native pine of the eastern and southeastern United States that tolerates dry, rocky, and relatively poor soils.
Size
Medium
Light
Sun
Moisture
Dry to average
Good for
Poor soils, restoration, wildlife cover
Pacific Northwest / Alaska
Western Hemlock
Tsuga heterophylla
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A dominant native conifer of cool, moist Pacific Northwest forests and southeastern Alaska.
Size
Very Large
Light
Shade to part sun
Moisture
Cool and moist
Good for
Moist western forests, evergreen canopy
Pacific Northwest / Northern Rockies
Western Redcedar
Thuja plicata
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A major native conifer of the Pacific Northwest and portions of the northern interior West.
Size
Very Large
Light
Part shade to sun
Moisture
Moist
Good for
Evergreen canopy, moist western sites, habitat
West / Southwest
White Fir
Abies concolor
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A native western fir found from the Rockies and Southwest into California mountain ranges.
Size
Very Large
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Average
Good for
Mountain landscapes, evergreen canopy, dry western forests
Eastern / Central
White Oak
Quercus alba
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A foundational native oak across much of the eastern and central United States.
Size
Very Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Average
Good for
Long-lived canopy, wildlife, large landscapes
North / Alaska
White Spruce
Picea glauca
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A widespread northern native spruce occurring across Alaska and the northern tier of the United States.
Size
Large
Light
Sun
Moisture
Cool, average to moist
Good for
Cold climates, evergreen structure, habitat
West / Rockies
Whitebark Pine
Pinus albicaulis
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A high-elevation native five-needle pine that plays an important ecological role near treeline in the western United States.
Size
Medium
Light
Sun
Moisture
Dry to average
Good for
High-elevation restoration, wildlife, harsh sites
Hawaii
ʻŌhiʻa Lehua
Metrosideros polymorpha
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A highly variable native Hawaiian tree and a foundational species in many native Hawaiian ecosystems.
Size
Medium
Light
Sun to part shade
Moisture
Highly variable
Good for
Hawaiian restoration, native habitat, cultural landscapes